;f}rc control火力控制;fire target practice
实弹射击练习(2) forward前方的;前视的;前位
的forward defense前方防御;forward gun前位
炮;forward looking radar前视雷达(3) operation
作战;军事行动operation missile作战导弹;op-
cration command作战指挥;operation order作
战命令((4) position阵地;发射阵地;射击姿势
position warfare阵地战;position Fmdcr雷达;
测位仪;position of Bring射击姿势(S) point点;
瞄准点;尖兵point of attack攻击点;point dc-
fcnsc要点防御;point of advance guard前h_尖兵
(6) formation队形，编队;formation bombing编
队轰炸;formation in depth纵长队j砂;forma-
tion attack编队攻击.
(二)用词上的特征
1_广泛使用复合词
在军事英语文章中复合词广泛使用.在这一
点上，它与新闻报道文体有共同之处.复合词的
应用使句子结构简单化，表达精炼.复合词的构
成方式:
(1)普通名词十普通名词构成
advance guard action前卫战斗;laser search
激光搜索;launch cell发射掩体;nosedown
c仁coon俯冲弹射.有时名词前可用复数形式的名
词修饰，如:operations division作战处;com-
munications network通信网;logistics officers后
勤军官;electronics intelligence centre电子情报
中心
(z) i'}通名词十军'}E名词构成
machine gun AIL关枪;high-level bombing高
空轰炸;low-intensity war低强度战争;medium-
range bomber中程轰炸机
(3)军!ji名词+普通名词构成
platoon formation排队形;radar monitor雷
达监控器;reconnaissance ship侦察舰;squad
drill班教练
(4)军王}i名词十军事名词构成
anti-tank gun f5C坦克炮;rifle grenade枪榴
弹;rocket torpedo火箭鱼雷;guided-missile
cruiser导弹巡洋舰
(5)用连字符将若干个词连起来构成复合词
over-the-shoulder bombing越肩轰炸;fire-
on-the-move ability行进射击能力;line-of-sight
weapon直射武器;first-shot-hit probability首
发命中率;hit-and-run tactics扰乱战术;low-
altitude-flying-target interception(对)低空吃
行日标的截击;track-while-scan radar搜索跟踪
雷达.复合词的使J月频率可见于下而的小段:
Special Operatinn,s Forces and attack helicop
ter units carried out operations deep inside Iraq
during the five weeks of the air campaign. These
operations played a key role in identifying Iraqi
strong points and focusing the planning of the op-
oration. Reconnais.sonce units scouted mine血Ids
and briefed engineering units on the best avenues
of approach.
Because the Traqis were unable to see across
the声ont lines or deep into the coalition positions,
they were unaware of the location of the main al-
lied Rrnund户rce, hclicvcd to be somewhere south
of Kuwait. 1t appears that, because of the paucity
of information on coalition disposition, and in or-
dcr to boost the sagging morale of troops under
constant bombbardmcnt, the Iraqi leadership or-
doted a number of probing attacks into Saudi
Arabia. On the night of 29-30 January, Iraqi
forces crossed the frontier at four different points.
All of these attacks were repulsed by a combina-
lion of air and artillery fire. An Iraqi armoured
brigade did manage to capture the small Saudi
coastal town of Kha仔.Saudi troops, backed by
US Marine artillery and air support, managed to
liberate the town after a Force fight. The Iraqi bri-
Bade lost 42 tanks and a large number of dead and
wounded.
在上面这段只有200个词的短文中，复合词
多达11个.
2.广泛使用缩略语
缩略语在军事英语中使用也相当多，特别是
在报刊文章里.缩略语的应用无疑更能使表达简
便，节省篇辐 a根据本人的观察，军语缩略语大
体有下列几种情况:
(1)通常取各单词的第一个字母组合而成.如
HE (high-czplosivc) bomb;高爆炸弹;SP
(solid propellant) guns固体燃料火箭炮;NBC-
(nuclear-biologic}hcmical) proof weapon防
核、生、化武器;M1CV (mechanized infantry
combat vehicle)机械化步兵战车
(2)取各单词的前几个字母组合而成。如
MILSAT (military satellite)军事卫星;
LABCOM (laboratory command)实验指挥部;
USSTRICM (the US Strike Command)美军进击
司令部.
(3)几个相同的缩略字母相连时，有时可用阿
拉伯数字表示.如
C'I (command, control, communication and
intelligence-CCCn system指挥，控制，通信与
情报系统;CVCZ (combat vehicle command and
control=CVCC)战斗车辆的指挥与控制;
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